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1.
Psicol. soc. (Online) ; 33: e228122, 2021. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1279591

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo propõe reflexões críticas acerca do binarismo masculino/feminino presente na arquitetura e nas placas identificatórias dos banheiros presentes em espaços públicos. Partindo de um referencial pós-estruturalista das teorias de gênero e diversidade sexual, tomamos como corpo de análise as placas dos banheiros que, por meio de palavras, símbolos e imagens, separam esses espaços, tendo como critério exclusivo o sexo designado ao nascimento e não à identidade autodeclarada de gênero. Nesse contexto, a ambiguidade e a fluidez presentes em corpos trans atuam como significativos elementos de denúncia dos limites normativos da classificação dos banheiros, colocando em xeque territórios legitimados socialmente como masculinos e femininos. Assim, as placas são consideradas como analisadores institucionais, pois desvelam a disputa entre forças instituintes e forças instituídas, a qual mostra que, apesar das normativas legais brasileiras, a institucionalização do reconhecimento das diversas formas de ser homem e de ser mulher ainda é objeto de tensão.


Resumen Este artículo propone reflexiones críticas sobre el binarismo masculino/femenino presente en la arquitectura y sobre las placas de los baños presentes en los espacios públicos. Partiendo de un referencial postestructuralista de teorías de género y diversidad sexual, tomamos como cuerpo de análisis las placas de los baños que, a través de palabras, símbolos e imágenes, separan estos espacios, teniendo como criterio exclusivo el sexo designado al nacer y no la identidad de género auto declarada. En este contexto, la ambigüedad y la fluidez presentes en los cuerpos trans actúan como elementos significativos de denuncia de los límites normativos de la clasificación de los baños, poniendo en jaque territorios socialmente legitimados como masculinos y femeninos. Así, las placas son consideradas como analizadores institucionales, pues revelan la disputa entre fuerzas instituyentes y fuerzas instituidas, lo que muestra que, a pesar de las normas legales brasileñas, la institucionalización del reconocimiento de las diversas formas de ser hombre y de ser mujer sigue siendo objeto de tensión.


Abstract This article proposes critical reflections on the male/female binarism present in the architecture and in the identification boards of the bathrooms in public spaces. Based on a post-structuralist framework of the theories of gender and sexual diversity, we take as body of analysis the bathroom signs that, through words, symbols and images, separate these spaces having as exclusive criterion the designated sex at birth and not the self-declared gender identity. In this context, the ambiguity and fluidity present in trans bodies act as significant elements of denunciation of the normative limits of the classification of bathrooms, putting in question socially legitimized territories as male and female. Thus, the signs are considered as institutional analyzers, because they reveal the dispute of the instituting forces and the instituted forces, which shows that, despite the Brazilian legal norms, the institutionalization of the recognition of the various forms of being a man and being a woman is still object of tension.


Subject(s)
Toilet Facilities/standards , Transgender Persons , Gender Binarism , Public Nondiscrimination Policies , Dissent and Disputes , Gender Identity
2.
Ciênc. cuid. saúde ; 15(2): 235-241, Abr.-Jun. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-974848

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Estudo transversal realizado em oito escolas públicas e particulares do Riacho Fundo,(Distrito Federal),com escolares deseis a 12 anos, com o objetivo de avaliar a frequência de ida e permissão para uso do toalete na escola, sob a perspectiva do escolar, assim como mensurar a taxa de ocorrência e o impacto da experiência de ter tido alguma vez na vida um evento de perda urinária no contexto escolar. A coleta de dados incluiu entrevista por meio de perguntas-chave desenvolvidas pelas pesquisadoras. A análise dos dados incluiu técnicas básicas de análise exploratória de dados como,frequência absoluta e relativa, calculadas no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Das 86 crianças participantes da pesquisa, 73% (n=63) relataram irtodos os dias ao toalete escolar, ao passo que as que afirmam não utilizar o toalete apontaram como justificativas a falta de vontade, a falta de papel higiênico nos toaletes e a falta de privacidade ou problema com as portas. Quanto à permissão para o uso do toalete, 66% (n=57) afirmaram poder ir sempre que tivessem vontade. A experiência de perda urinária na escola foi relatada por17 (20%) crianças e apresentou impacto altamente negativo sob a perspectiva do escolar.


RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio transversal en 8 escuelas públicas y privadas del Riacho Fundo (Distrito Federal) con escolares de 6 a 12 años que tuvo como objetivo evaluar la frecuencia de idas y permiso al baño en la escuela bajo la perspectiva del escolar, así como medir la tasa de ocurrencia y el impacto de la experiencia de haber tenido alguna vez en la vida pérdida urinaria en el contexto escolar. La recolección de datos incluyó entrevistas con preguntas claves desarrolladas por los investigadores. El análisis de datos incluyó las técnicas básicas de análisis exploratorio de datos como la frecuencia absoluta y relativa, calculada utilizando el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. De los 86 niños participantes, el 73% (n = 63) informaron ir todos los días al baño de la escuela, las justificaciones para no ir fueron falta de voluntad, la falta de papel higiénico y la falta privacidad o problemas con las puertas. En referencia al uso del baño, el 66% (n = 57) dijo que podían ir cuando tuviesen necesidad. La experiencia de pérdida urinaria en la escuela fue reportada por 17 (20%) niños y presentó un impacto muy negativo desde la perspectiva del escolar.


ABSTRACT This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 8 public and private schools of Riacho Fundo (Federal District), with children between 6 and 12 years old, that aimed to evaluate their frequency of going to the school restroom and permission to use it from the children's perspective, as well as to measure the rate of occurrence and impact of the experience of having had some once in a lifetime urinary leakage in the school setting. Data collection included interviews with key questions developed by the researchers. Data analysis included basic techniques of exploratory data analysis such as absolute and relative frequencies calculated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program. Out of 86 participating children, 73% (n = 63) reported going every day to the school restroom while those reporting not going pointed out reasons as they did not need to, lack of toilet paper, and lack of privacy or problems with the stalls' doors. Regarding permission to use the restroom, 66% (n = 57) stated being allowed to go whenever they needed. The experience of urinary incontinence at school was reported by 17 (20%) children and presented as a highly negative impact from their perspective.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Pediatric Nursing/education , School Health Services/standards , Urinary Incontinence/urine , Urination/physiology , Urine/physiology , Child Behavior/physiology , Toilet Facilities/standards , Nursing Evaluation Research/standards , Bathroom Equipment/standards , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods
4.
J Health Popul Nutr ; 2001 Jun; 19(2): 73-82
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-574

ABSTRACT

Childhood diarrhoea can be transmitted within the household and community environments. This study examined the effect of partial latrine coverage on diarrhoeal morbidity at the household and community levels. Weekly morbidity data on 272 children, aged less than five years, were collected for 45 weeks from October 1996 to August 1997 in two neighbouring semi-arid communities in rural Zimbabwe. The communities were similar except for sanitation. In Community A, 62% of the children lived in households with a latrine, and in Community B, there was no sanitation. Diarrhoeal morbidity was 68% lower in Community A than in Community B. In addition, the children from the households in Community A without a latrine had lower diarrhoeal morbidity than the children in Community B. The inter-community difference in diarrhoeal morbidity was likely to be due to the latrines and associated hygiene education interrupting intra- and inter-household transmission of diarrhoea. The latrines reduced faecal contamination of the community environment, and as diarrhoeal morbidity fell, contact between infectives and susceptibles within the community would also have fallen. The neighbourhoods in Community A where the adjacent households did not have sanitation had higher diarrhoeal morbidity than in the neighbourhoods where one household did have sanitation. The results of the study suggest that sanitation programmes, which share building costs between the state and individuals, i.e. households, and hence, do not achieve complete coverage in a community, benefit the whole community, because the households that cannot afford a latrine experience lower diarrhoeal morbidity due to the safer community environment.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Environment , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Morbidity , Rural Health , Sanitation/standards , Socioeconomic Factors , Toilet Facilities/standards , Zimbabwe/epidemiology
5.
Lima; SEDAPAL; 1996. 44 p. ilus.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-219179

ABSTRACT

Su objeto es orientar la gestión autosustentable de los servicios de saneamiento de la escuela y procurar mejores condiciones de vida para los escolares a través de una educación de calidad que promueva la práctica del saneamiento en la escuela


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Toilet Facilities/standards , Drinking Water , Community Participation , School Sanitation , Water Supply , Peru
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